FIG. 1. The Arctic behaves as a tightly coupled system, strongly influenced by feedback pathways among the system components. These linkages among system components complicate our ability to adequately characterize the environmental responses to a warming climate. CCN stands for cloud condensation nuclei.
Hinzman, L., C.J. Deal, D. McGuire, I. Polyokov, J. Walsh, and S. Mernild, Trajectory of the Arctic as an integrated system, Ecological Applications, 23(8), 2013, pp. 1837-1868. (pdf)